Appendix 1 Complexants for Li+ and corresponding complexation constants
K=[LiA]/[Li+][A-]
A is the additive
|
Additive |
Log K |
I |
Reference |
|
HF |
-2.77 |
0 |
(24) |
|
HF |
0.23 |
0 |
(26) p.453 |
|
ClO3- |
-1.2 |
0 |
(24) |
|
BrO3- |
-0.82 |
1 |
(24) |
|
BrO3- |
-0.5 |
0 |
(24) |
|
Triethanolamine |
-0.5 |
1 |
(26) p.205 |
|
NH3 |
-0.3 |
0.5 |
(24) |
|
BisTris |
-0.3 |
1 |
(26) p.205 |
|
Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS) |
-0.23 |
1 |
(26) p.173 |
|
OH- |
-0.18 |
1 |
(24) |
|
Glycolic Acid |
-0.11 |
0 |
(23) |
|
Lactic Acid |
-0.02 |
0 |
(23) |
|
Acetic Acid |
-0.11 |
0.1 |
(26) p.300 |
|
Acetic Acid |
0.26 |
0 |
(23) |
|
Phenoxyacetic Acid |
0.13 |
0 |
(26) p.322 |
|
Malic Acid |
0.38 |
0.1 |
(23) |
|
HSO4- |
0.64 |
0 |
(24) |
|
HSO4- |
0.64 |
0 |
(26) p.450 |
|
D-tartaric Acid |
0.7 |
0.1 |
(26) p.345 |
|
Hydroxymethane phosphoric Acid (HOCH2PO3H2) |
0.72 |
0.1 |
(23) |
|
Methanehydroxyphosphoric Acid |
0.72 |
(27) |
|
|
H phosphate (H3O4P)(MHL/M*HL) |
0.72 |
0.5 |
(24) |
|
HSO4- |
0.77 |
0 |
(25) p.409 |
|
Additive |
Log K |
I |
Reference |
|
Succinic Acid |
0.8 |
(26) p.336 |
|
|
Citric Acid |
0.83 |
1 |
(23) |
|
Citric Acid |
0.83 |
0.1 |
(26) p.356 |
|
Alkyl Malonic Acid R=CH2CH3 |
0.86 |
0 |
(26) p.325 |
|
Alkyl Malonic Acid R=CH2CH2CH2CH3 |
0.84 |
0 |
(26) p.325 |
|
Alkyl Malonic Acid R=C(CH3)3 |
1.5 |
0 |
(26) p.325 |
|
Phthalic Acid |
0.9 |
0 |
(26) p.338 |
|
Diethyl Malonic Acid |
0.93 |
0 |
(27) p.334 |
|
Disab Malonic Acid R=R'=CH2CH2CH3 |
0.94 |
0 |
(27) p.335 |
|
Phosphoric Acid |
0.95 |
1 |
(26) p.444 |
|
Iminodiacetic Acid |
0.96 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
Maleic Acid |
1 |
0 |
(26) p.337 |
|
Malonic Acid (HO2CCH2CO2H) |
1.1 |
0 |
(26) p.325 |
|
Diglycolic Acid |
1.1 |
0 |
(26) p.346 |
|
ADP (Adenosine 5'-trihydrogendiphosphate) |
1.2 |
0.1 |
(22) |
|
ADP |
1.32 |
0.1 |
(26) p.286 |
|
N-methyliminodiacetic Acid |
1.2 |
? |
(21) |
|
AMP-5 |
1.22 |
0.1 |
(26) p.285 |
|
[2,2,2] cryptand |
1.25 |
0 |
(26) p.230 |
|
Oxalic Acid (HO2CCO2H) |
1.3 |
0 |
(26) p.325 |
|
H peroxodiphosphate |
1.34 |
1 |
(24) |
|
[8,8,8] hexacosane |
1.5 |
0.1 |
(25) p.194 |
|
[8,5,5] cosane |
1.6 |
0.1 |
(25) p.195 |
|
ATP (Adenosine 5'-trihydrogentriphosphate) |
1.6 |
0.1 |
(22) |
|
ATP |
1.8 |
0.1 |
(26) p.288 |
|
Additive |
Log K |
I |
Reference |
|
H vanadate (H3O4V) |
1.6 |
0.5 |
(24) |
|
N-2-Tetrahydropyramylmethyl) iminodiacetic Acid |
1.7 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
N-(2-Pyridylmethyl) iminodiacetic Acid |
1.7 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
N-(Cyclohexyl)iminodiacetic Acid |
1.74 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
Adenosine 5'-pentahydrogentetraphosphate |
1.9 |
0.2 |
(22) |
|
N-(2-Carboxyphenyl) iminodiacetic Acid |
2.05 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) iminodiacetic Acid |
2.2 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
2/Methyl-Phenydenedinitrilo tetraacetic Acid |
2.33 |
0.1 |
(26) p.161 |
|
1,2-Phenydenedinitrilo tetraacetic Acid |
2.39 |
0.1 |
(26) p.160 |
|
Pyrophosphoric Acid |
2.39 |
1 |
(26) p.444 |
|
Pyrophosphoric Acid |
3.1 |
0 |
(26) p.444 |
|
Dimethyl [8,8,8] hexacosane |
2.4 |
0.1 |
(25) p.197 |
|
Benzo 1,3 dioxole methylene diphosphoric Acid |
2.42 |
0.5 |
(26) p.365 |
|
Nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA) |
2.45 |
0.1 |
(26) p.77 |
|
Nitrilotriacetic Acid |
2.51 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
Methylene diphosphoric Acid (H2O3PCH2PO3H2) |
2.48 |
0.5 |
(23) |
|
[2,2,1] cryptand |
2.5 |
0.05 |
(25) p.190 |
|
H tetraphosphate |
2.6 |
1 |
(24) |
|
EDTA |
2.79 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
EDTA |
2.9 |
0.1 |
(26) p.96 |
|
ETDA |
2.79 |
0.1 |
(25) p.75 |
|
Triphosphoric Acid |
2.8 |
(26) p.447 |
|
|
Triphosphoric Acid |
3.9 |
(26) p.447 |
|
|
PTPA |
3.1 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
Ethane-1,1-diphosphoric Acid (H2O3PCH3PO3H2) |
3.1 |
0.5 |
(23) |
|
Additive |
Log K |
I |
Reference |
|
1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphoric Acid |
3.35 |
0.5 |
(23) |
|
H diphosphate (H4O7P2) |
3.4 |
0 |
(24) |
|
PDTA |
3.43 |
0.1 |
(21) |
|
Propane-2,2-diphosphoric Acid (H2O3PC(CH3)2PO3H2) |
3.8 |
0.5 |
(23) |
|
Dimethyl [8,5,5] cosane |
3.8 |
0.1 |
(25) p.195 |
|
H triphosphate |
3.9 |
0 |
(24) |
|
H triphosphate |
4.26 |
0.1 |
(25) p.409 |
|
DOTA |
4.32 |
0.1 |
(26) p.63 |
|
TETA |
--- |
? |
(26) p.63 |
|
Uramil-N,N-diacetic Acid |
4.9 |
0.1 |
(21) p.183-185 |
|
Uramil-N,N-diacetic Acid |
5.61 |
0 |
(25) p.70 |
|
[2,1,1] cryptand (C14H28O4N2) |
5.5 |
0.05 |
(25) p.190 |
|
[2,1,1] cryptand |
5.5 |
0.05 |
(26) p.228 |
|
Ch4O4P Methane Hydroxyphosphonic |
0.72 |
0 |
(27) p. 16 |
|
C2H8O7P2 Hydroxyethane -1, 1, . diphosporic Acid |
1.36 |
0 |
(27) p. 92 |
|
C6H3O7N3 Picric Acid |
1.13 |
0 |
(27) p. 388 |
|
C6H4O5N2 2,4 DiNitrophenol (in THF) |
3.54 |
0 |
(27) p. |
|
EDTA |
3.15 |
0 |
(27) p. 766 |
|
C11H18O8N2 (1,2 Propylenedinitrilo) tetra Acetic Acid |
4.01 |
0 |
(27) p. 867 |
|
C12H24O6 18-Crown-6 |
~2 |
0 |
(27) p. 887 |
|
C12H5)12N7 2, 21,4,41,6,61- Hexanitrodiphenylamine |
1.7 |
0 |
(27) p. 889 |
|
C12H20O8W2 (DL-2, 3- Butglenedinitrilo) tetra acetic acid |
5.6 |
0 |
(27) p. 908 |
|
C14H26O5(cyclohexyl-1-15- Crown - 5 |
4.0 |
0 |
(27) p. 969 |
|
Additive |
Log K |
I |
Reference |
|
C14H22O8N2 (trans-1,2,- cyclohexylenedinitrilo) tetna |
6.11 |
0 |
(27) p. 992 |
|
C16H30O6 Cylohexyl - 18 crown -6 |
<0.7 |
0 |
(27) p. 1043 |
|
C17H13O5N5nitroanthrailazo (Nitrobenzoic Acid) |
4.24 |
0 |
(27) p. 1084 |
|
C18H15OP Triphenyl phosphine oxide |
2.6 |
0 |
(27) p. 1104 |
|
C20H36O6 Hexaoxo tricycle [20,4,0,0] exacosane |
0.6 |
0 |
(27) |
|
C25H22O2P2 Tetraphylenylmilthylele diphosphine oxide CH3CN) |
3.3 |
0 |
(27) p. 1166 |
|
C29H52O6 (tert-bityl cydohexyl) - 18 crown - 6 |
<0.9 |
0 |
(27) p. 1172 |
Appendix 2 Complexants for Br- ion and their Complexation Constants (24)
|
Metal ion |
Log K |
Log K |
Log K |
|
|
Equilibrium |
25 °, I# = 0.5 |
25 °, I# = 1.0 |
25 °, I# = 0 |
|
|
Cs + |
ML/M.L |
(0.03) |
||
|
(CH 3)4N+ |
ML/M.L |
(0.16) ± 0.07 |
||
|
(C 3H5)4N+ |
ML/M.L |
(0.38) |
||
|
(C 3H7)4N+ |
ML/M.L |
(0.49) |
||
|
Be 2+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.4 q |
-0.7 f |
|
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
-0.8 f |
|||
|
Mg 2+ |
ML/M.L |
-1.4 e |
||
|
Sc 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.07 q |
||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
-0.30 q |
|||
|
Y 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.15 |
||
|
Ce 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.2 |
||
|
Pr 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.2 e |
||
|
Sm 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.2 e |
||
|
Eu 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.2 |
||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
-0.4 |
|||
|
Ho 3+ |
ML/M.L |
(-0.6) e |
||
|
Er 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.5 e |
||
|
Ac 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.2 |
#
I = ionic strength.a
25°, 0.1; d 25°, 2.0; e 25°, 3.0, f 25°, 4.0; g 25°, 5.0; h 20°, 0. 1; i 20°, 0.4; k 20°, 2.0, 1 20°, n 18°, 0; p 30°, 0.1; t 5-45°, 0; q 20°, 0.7
(continued)
|
Metal ion |
Log K |
Log K |
Log K |
|
|
Equilibrium |
25 °, I# = 0.5 |
25 °, I# = 1.0 |
25 °, I# = 0 |
|
|
Ac 3+ |
ML 2/M.L2 |
-0.5 |
||
|
U 4+ |
ML/M.L |
0.18 j |
||
|
UO 22+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.3 j |
-0.2 |
|
|
Co 2+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.13 q |
||
|
(-0.11) d |
-0.7 e |
|||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
-0.4 q |
|||
|
Ni 2+ |
ML/M.L |
(-0.12) d |
-0.8 e |
|
|
Cu 2+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.07 d |
-0.5 e ± 0.1 |
-0.03 |
|
Fe 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.2 ± 0.1 |
0.6 ± 0.0 |
|
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
-0.5 ± 0.1 |
|||
|
HF 4+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.1 l |
||
|
Cu + |
ML 2/M.L2 |
5.9 |
||
|
M.L/ML(s) |
-8.3 |
|||
|
Ag + |
ML/M.L |
4.30 a |
4.68 n |
|
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
6.64 a |
7.23 g |
(7.7) n |
|
|
ML 3/M.L3 |
8.1 a |
8.3 |
8.17 ± 0.2 |
|
|
9.2 g |
||||
|
ML 4/M.L4 |
8.9 a |
9.5 g |
9.0 |
|
|
Ag + |
M.L/ML(s) |
-12.10 a |
-11.92 |
-12.30 ± 0.02 |
|
-12.62 g |
||||
|
Hg 22+ |
M.L 2/ML2(s) |
-21.29 |
-22.25 ± 0.01 |
#
I = ionic strength.a
25°, 0.1; d 25°, 2.0; e 25°, 3.0, f 25°, 4.0; g 25°, 5.0; h 20°, 0. 1; i 20°, 0.4; k 20°, 2.0, 1 20°, n 18°, 0; p 30°, 0.1; t 5-45°, 0; q 20°, 0.7
(continued)
|
Metal ion |
Log K |
Log K |
Log K |
|
|
Equilibrium |
25 °, I# = 0.5 |
25 °, I# = 1.0 |
25 °, I# = 0 |
|
|
Tl +1 |
ML/M.L |
0.48 |
0.41 |
0.91 ± 0.03 |
|
0.38 d |
0.34 e |
0.33 f ± 0.01 |
||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
0.17 f ± 0.04 |
|||
|
ML 3/M.L3 |
-0.1 f ± 0.2 |
|||
|
ML 4/M.L4 |
-0.6 f |
|||
|
M.L/ML(s) |
-5.44 t ± 0.03 |
|||
|
-4.81 f ± 0.01 |
||||
|
(C 6H5)3Sn+ |
ML/M.L |
3.3 p |
||
|
(C 6H5)3Pb+ |
ML/M.L |
5.7 p |
||
|
Pd 2+ |
ML/M.L |
5.17 |
||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
9.42 |
|||
|
ML 3/M.L3 |
12.7 |
|||
|
ML 4/M.L4 |
14.9 ± 1.0 |
|||
|
Zn 2+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.59 e ± 0.02 |
||
|
Cd 2+ |
ML/M.L |
1.55 ± 0.05 |
1.57 ± 0.01 |
2.14 ± 0.02 |
|
1.63 d ± 0.05 |
1.74 ± 0.09 |
|||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
2.1 ± 0.1 |
3.0 ± 0.1 |
||
|
2.2 d ± 0.1 |
2.4 e ± 0.1 |
|||
|
ML 3/M.L3 |
2 6 ± 0.1 |
3.0 ± 0.1 |
||
|
2.8 d ± 0.1 |
3.3 e ± 0.2 |
|||
|
ML 4/M.L4 |
2.6 ± 0.2 |
2.9 ± 0.2 |
||
|
3.2 d ± 0.2 |
3.8 e ± 0.2 |
#
I = ionic strength.a
25°, 0.1; d 25°, 2.0; e 25°, 3.0, f 25°, 4.0; g 25°, 5.0; h 20°, 0. 1; i 20°, 0.4; k 20°, 2.0, 1 20°, n 18°, 0; p 30°, 0.1; t 5-45°, 0; q 20°, 0.7
(continued)
|
Metal ion |
Log K |
Log K |
Log K |
|
|
Equilibrium |
25 °, I# = 0.5 |
25 °, I# = 1.0 |
25 °, I# = 0 |
|
|
Hg 2+ |
ML/M.L |
9.00 ± 0.06 |
9.40 |
|
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
17.1 ± 0.2 |
17.98 c |
||
|
ML 3/M.L3 |
19.4 ± 0.2 |
20.7 e |
||
|
ML 4/M.L4 |
21.0 ± 0.2 |
22.23 e |
||
|
M.L 2/ML2(s) |
-18.9 |
|||
|
ML/M.L |
0.74 |
1.16 ± 0.05 |
||
|
0.50 d ± 0.07 |
0.75 e ± 0.03 |
0.88 f ± 0.03 |
||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
0.9 |
1.7 ± 0.1 |
||
|
(1.19) d |
1.15 e ± 0.02 |
1.43 f |
||
|
ML 3/M.L3 |
1.2 e ± 0.1 |
1.5 f |
||
|
ML 4/M.L4 |
0.4 e |
1.0 f |
||
|
(CH 3)2Sn2+ |
ML/M.L |
-1.0 e |
||
|
Pb 2+ |
ML/M.L |
1.06 |
1.10 ± 0.06 |
1.77 ± 0.1 |
|
1.20 d |
1.29 e ± 0.01 |
1.48 f ± 0.03 |
||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
2.6 |
|
|
2.0 d |
2.2 e ± 0.1 |
2.5 f |
||
|
ML 3/M.L3 |
2.0 |
2.2 ± 0.0 |
3.0 |
|
|
2.5 d ± 0.1 |
2.9 e ± 0.1 |
3.5 f |
||
|
ML 4/M L4 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
||
|
2.6 d |
3.1 e |
3.5 f |
#
I = ionic strength.a
25°, 0.1; d 25°, 2.0; e 25°, 3.0, f 25°, 4.0; g 25°, 5.0; h 20°, 0. 1; i 20°, 0.4; k 20°, 2.0, 1 20°, n 18°, 0; p 30°, 0.1; t 5-45°, 0; q 20°, 0.7
(continued)
|
Metal ion |
Log K |
Log K |
Log K |
|
|
Equilibrium |
25 °, I# = 0.5 |
25 °, I# = 1.0 |
25 °, I# = 0 |
|
|
Pb 2+ |
ML 5/M.L5 |
1.6 d |
2.4 e |
2.7 f |
|
M.L 2/ML2(s) |
-5.68 f |
|||
|
Ga 3+ |
ML/M.L |
-0.10 q |
||
|
In 3+ |
ML/M.L |
2.04 q |
1.93 |
|
|
1.99 d |
2.08 f |
|||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
3.1 q |
2.6 |
||
|
ML 3/M.L |
3.4 q |
4.0 f |
||
|
ML 4/M.L4 |
4.8 f |
|||
|
Tl 3+ |
ML/M.L |
8.3 i |
8.9 |
9.7 n |
|
9.28 e |
9.51 f |
|||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
14.6 i |
16.4 |
16.6 n |
|
|
16.70 e |
16.88 f |
|||
|
ML 3/M.L3 |
19.2 i |
21.2 n |
||
|
22.1 e |
22.3 f |
|||
|
ML 4/M.L4 |
22.3 i |
23.9 n |
||
|
25.7 e |
26.4 f |
|||
|
Bi 3+ |
ML/M.L |
2.37 |
2.22 |
3.06 ± 0.2 |
|
2.32 d ± 0.04 |
2.63 e |
3.12 f |
||
|
ML 2/M.L2 |
4.2 |
(4.4) |
5.6 |
|
|
4.4 d ± 0.1 |
5.0 e |
5.7 f |
#
I = ionic strength.a
25°, 0.1; d 25°, 2.0; e 25°, 3.0, f 25°, 4.0; g 25°, 5.0; h 20°, 0. 1; i 20°, 0.4; k 20°, 2.0, 1 20°, n 18°, 0; p 30°, 0.1; t 5-45°, 0; q 20°, 0.7
(continued)
|
Metal ion |
Log K |
Log K |
Log K |
|
|
Equilibrium |
25 °, I# = 0.5 |
25 °, I# = 1.0 |
25 °, I# = 0 |
|
|
ML 5/M.L5 |
8.2 |
8.7 |
(9.2) |
|
|
9.2 d ± 0.1 |
(9.0) e |
11.9 f |
||
|
ML 6/M.L6 |
8.3 |
8.8 |
(8.7) |
|
|
9.5 d ± 0.2 |
9.8 e |
11.8 f |
||
|
M.L/H 2×MOL (s) |
-6.24 d |
|||
|
-6.52 k |
#
I = ionic strength.a
25°, 0.1; d 25°, 2.0; e 25°, 3.0, f 25°, 4.0; g 25°, 5.0; h 20°, 0. 1; i 20°, 0.4; k 20°, 2.0, 1 20°, n 18°, 0; p 30°, 0.1; t 5-45°, 0; q 20°, 0.7
Appendix 3 Formulae for the conversion of Li Br concentrations used in this report
Starting with the mole fraction of LiBr, XLiBr, the weight fraction LiBr , WLiBr, is given by :
WLiBr =
and the Molarity (in units of moles/Kg H2O), MLiBr, is given by :
MLiBr =
where Mw is the molecular weight of either LiBr or H2O.